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Java-网络编程

网络编程概述

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一、网络编程中有两个主要的问题:
* 1.如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
* 2.找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输

二、网络编程中的两个要素:
* 1.对应问题一:IP和端口号
* 2.对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)

通信要素1:IP 和 端口号

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*三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
* 1. IP:唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
* 2. 在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
* 3. IP分类:IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网 和 局域网
* 4. 域名: www.baidu.com www.mi.com www.sina.com www.jd.com
* www.vip.com
* 5. 本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
*
* 6. 如何实例化InetAddress:两个方法:getByName(String host) 、 getLocalHost()
* 两个常用方法:getHostName() / getHostAddress()
*
* 7. 端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。
* 要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
* 范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535
*
* 8. 端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket

示例

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public class InetAddressTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
//File file = new File("hello.txt");
InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.10.14");

System.out.println(inet1);

InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
System.out.println(inet2);

InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inet3);

//获取本地ip
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inet4);

//getHostName()
System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());
//getHostAddress()
System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());

} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}


}


}

通信要素2:网络通信协议

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TCP网络编程

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TCP例 题

1.客户端发送内容给服务端,服务端将内容打印到控制台上。

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public class TCPTest1 {

//客户端
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.100");
socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//4.资源的关闭
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}
}



}
//服务端
@Test
public void server() {

ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
//2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3.获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();

//不建议这样写,可能会有乱码
// byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// int len;
// while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
// String str = new String(buffer,0,len);
// System.out.print(str);
// }
//4.读取输入流中的数据
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}

System.out.println(baos.toString());

System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");

} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(baos != null){
//5.关闭资源
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(ss != null){
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

}





}

}

2.客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。

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public class TCPTest2 {

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//6.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();

}
}

3.从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给 客户端。并关闭相应的连接

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public class TCPTest3 {

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();

//5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
}

System.out.println(baos.toString());

//6.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
}

/*
这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
*/
@Test
public void server() throws IOException {
//1.
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
//2.
Socket socket = ss.accept();
//3.
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
//5.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}

System.out.println("图片传输完成");

//6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());

//7.
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
os.close();

}
}
  • 代码57行的read是阻塞式的操作,需要21行的关闭数据输出,否则会一直等待着输入、不会执行下面的代码。

UDP网络编程

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示例:

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public class UDPTest {

//发送端
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();



String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
byte[] data = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);

socket.send(packet);

socket.close();

}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException {

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);

byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);

socket.receive(packet);

System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));

socket.close();
}
}
  • UDP若先启动客户端不会报错,TCP则会报错,因为TCP三次握手,而UDP只管发出去。

URL编程

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URL网络编程
* 1.URL:统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
* 2.格式:
* http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom
* 协议 主机名 端口号 资源地址 参数列表

方法测试:

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public class URLTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");

// public String getProtocol( ) 获取该URL的协议名
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
// public String getHost( ) 获取该URL的主机名
System.out.println(url.getHost());
// public String getPort( ) 获取该URL的端口号
System.out.println(url.getPort());
// public String getPath( ) 获取该URL的文件路径
System.out.println(url.getPath());
// public String getFile( ) 获取该URL的文件名
System.out.println(url.getFile());
// public String getQuery( ) 获取该URL的查询名
System.out.println(url.getQuery());




} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}


}

示例:

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public class URLTest1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
InputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg");

urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

urlConnection.connect();

is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
fos = new FileOutputStream("day10\\beauty3.jpg");

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}

System.out.println("下载完成");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(fos != null){
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(urlConnection != null){
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}






}
}
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