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Java面向对象3-abstract关键字

abstract关键字的使用

image-20220121103009045

1.abstract:抽象的
2.abstract可以用来修饰的结构:类、方法

3.abstract修饰类:抽象类

      > 此类不能实例化
     > 抽象类中一定有构造器,便于子类实例化时调用(涉及:子类对象实例化的全过程)
     > 开发中,都会提供抽象类的子类,让子类对象实例化,完成相关的操作

4.abstract修饰方法:抽象方法

      > 抽象方法只有方法的声明,没有方法体
      > 包含抽象方法的类,一定是一个抽象类。反之,抽象类中可以没有抽象方法的。
     > 若子类重写了父类中的所有的抽象方法后,此子类方可实例化
       若子类没有重写父类中的所有的抽象方法,则此子类也是一个抽象类,需要使用abstract修饰

abstract使用上的注意点:

1.abstract不能用来修饰:属性、构造器等结构

2.abstract不能用来修饰私有方法、静态方法、final的方法、final的类

练习1:

image-20220121103414644

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/*
* 编写一个Employee类,声明为抽象类,
包含如下三个属性:name,id,salary。
提供必要的构造器和抽象方法:work()。
*
*
*/
public abstract class Employee {

private String name;
private int id;
private double salary;
public Employee() {
super();
}
public Employee(String name, int id, double salary) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.salary = salary;
}

public abstract void work();
}
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/*
* 对于Manager类来说,他既是员工,还具有奖金(bonus)的属性。
*/
public class Manager extends Employee{

private double bonus;//奖金



public Manager(double bonus) {
super();
this.bonus = bonus;
}

public Manager(String name, int id, double salary, double bonus) {
super(name, id, salary);
this.bonus = bonus;
}

@Override
public void work() {
System.out.println("管理员工,提供公司运行的效率");
}



}
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public class CommonEmployee extends Employee {

@Override
public void work() {
System.out.println("员工在一线车间生产产品");
}

}

测试:

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public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {

//多态
Employee manager = new Manager("库克", 1001, 5000, 50000);

manager.work();

CommonEmployee commonEmployee = new CommonEmployee();
commonEmployee.work();

}
}

补充:

抽象类的匿名子类

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public class PersonTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

method(new Student());//匿名对象

Worker worker = new Worker();
method1(worker);//非匿名的类非匿名的对象

method1(new Worker());//非匿名的类匿名的对象

System.out.println("********************");

//创建了一匿名子类的对象:p
Person p = new Person(){

@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("吃东西");
}

@Override
public void breath() {
System.out.println("好好呼吸");
}

};

method1(p);
System.out.println("********************");
//创建匿名子类的匿名对象
method1(new Person(){
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("吃好吃东西");
}

@Override
public void breath() {
System.out.println("好好呼吸新鲜空气");
}
});
}


public static void method1(Person p){
p.eat();
p.breath();
}

public static void method(Student s){

}
}

class Worker extends Person{

@Override
public void eat() {
}

@Override
public void breath() {
}

}

抽象类的应用:模板方法的设计模式:

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public class TemplateTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {

SubTemplate t = new SubTemplate();

t.spendTime();
}
}

abstract class Template{

//计算某段代码执行所需要花费的时间
public void spendTime(){

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

this.code();//不确定的部分、易变的部分

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println("花费的时间为:" + (end - start));

}

public abstract void code();


}

class SubTemplate extends Template{

@Override
public void code() {

for(int i = 2;i <= 1000;i++){
boolean isFlag = true;
for(int j = 2;j <= Math.sqrt(i);j++){

if(i % j == 0){
isFlag = false;
break;
}
}
if(isFlag){
System.out.println(i);
}
}

}

}

练习2:

image-20220121114206736

image-20220121114237418

代码:

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/*
* 定义一个Employee类,该类包含:
private成员变量name,number,birthday,其中birthday 为MyDate类的对象;
abstract方法earnings();
toString()方法输出对象的name,number和birthday。

*
*/
public abstract class Employee {
private String name;
private int number;
private MyDate birthday;


public Employee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.number = number;
this.birthday = birthday;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public int getNumber() {
return number;
}

public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}

public MyDate getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}

public void setBirthday(MyDate birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}

public abstract double earnings();

@Override
public String toString() {
return "name=" + name + ", number=" + number + ", birthday=" + birthday.toDateString();
}



}
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/*
* MyDate类包含:
private成员变量year,month,day ;
toDateString()方法返回日期对应的字符串:xxxx年xx月xx日

*/
public class MyDate {
private int year;
private int month;
private int day;


public MyDate(int year, int month, int day) {
super();
this.year = year;
this.month = month;
this.day = day;
}


public int getYear() {
return year;
}


public void setYear(int year) {
this.year = year;
}


public int getMonth() {
return month;
}


public void setMonth(int month) {
this.month = month;
}


public int getDay() {
return day;
}


public void setDay(int day) {
this.day = day;
}


public String toDateString(){
return year + "年" + month + "月" + day + "日";
}
}
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/*
* 定义SalariedEmployee类继承Employee类,
* 实现按月计算工资的员工处理。该类包括:private成员变量monthlySalary;
实现父类的抽象方法earnings(),该方法返回monthlySalary值;
toString()方法输出员工类型信息及员工的name,number,birthday。
*/
public class SalariedEmployee extends Employee{
private double monthlySalary;//月工资

public SalariedEmployee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday) {
super(name, number, birthday);
}
public SalariedEmployee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday,double monthlySalary) {
super(name, number, birthday);
this.monthlySalary = monthlySalary;
}

public double getMonthlySalary() {
return monthlySalary;
}

public void setMonthlySalary(double monthlySalary) {
this.monthlySalary = monthlySalary;
}

@Override
public double earnings() {
return monthlySalary;
}

public String toString(){
return "SalariedEmployee[" + super.toString() + "]";
}
}
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/*
* 参照SalariedEmployee类定义HourlyEmployee类,实现按小时计算工资的员工处理。该类包括:
private成员变量wage和hour;
实现父类的抽象方法earnings(),该方法返回wage*hour值;
toString()方法输出员工类型信息及员工的name,number,birthday。

*/
public class HourlyEmployee extends Employee{
private int wage;//每小时的工资
private int hour;//月工作的小时数

public HourlyEmployee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday) {
super(name, number, birthday);
}
public HourlyEmployee(String name, int number, MyDate birthday,int wage,int hour) {
super(name, number, birthday);
this.wage = wage;
this.hour = hour;
}

public int getWage() {
return wage;
}
public void setWage(int wage) {
this.wage = wage;
}
public int getHour() {
return hour;
}
public void setHour(int hour) {
this.hour = hour;
}
@Override
public double earnings() {
return wage * hour;
}

public String toString(){
return "HourlyEmployee[" + super.toString() + "]";
}
}
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import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Scanner;

/*
* 定义PayrollSystem类,创建Employee变量数组并初始化,该数组存放各类雇员对象的引用。
* 利用循环结构遍历数组元素,输出各个对象的类型,name,number,birthday。
* 当键盘输入本月月份值时,如果本月是某个Employee对象的生日,还要输出增加工资信息。

*/
public class PayrollSystem {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//方式一:
// Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
// System.out.println("请输入当月的月份:");
// int month = scanner.nextInt();

//方式二:
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);//获取当前的月份
// System.out.println(month);//一月份:0


Employee[] emps = new Employee[2];

emps[0] = new SalariedEmployee("马森", 1002,new MyDate(1992, 2, 28),10000);
emps[1] = new HourlyEmployee("潘雨生", 2001, new MyDate(1991, 1, 6),60,240);

for(int i = 0;i < emps.length;i++){
System.out.println(emps[i]);
double salary = emps[i].earnings();
System.out.println("月工资为:" + salary);

if((month+1) == emps[i].getBirthday().getMonth()){
System.out.println("生日快乐!奖励100元");
}

}
}
}
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